The Hornets Nest Essay -- Expository Cause Effect Essays

The Hornets Nest Without proper preparation, getting rid of a hornets draw close can cause more problems than it solves. Although I do non have first-hand experience, I can relay an hap explained to me by my mother regarding my father and the hornets nest he came upon in their flowering crab tree. Suffering from the results of the incident, which can only be described as simultaneously hysterical and tragic, my father spent most of last week recovering from injuries that were both self and hornet-inflicted. His various comical and disastrous attempts to remove this nest from their property, and the resulting misery he endured, bring to mind a saying my high school English professor used frequently, If you fail to plan, plan to fail. Under the guise of heading out to do some molarity work, my father took on the dubious and dangerous task of attempting to rid his treasured flowering crab tree of a hornets nest, reported by my mother to be the size of a large, ripe watermelon. Arme d with the starter for the barbeque, the garden hose and a rake, Dad approached the tree and offending nest with the determination of a apparent motion line soldier ordered to advance on the enemy line. His plan was to set the nest on fire (yes, while still attached to the tree) and hence douse the ensuing inferno with the garden hose. Coming upon the nest, Dad stealthily lit the barbeque starter under the huge hornet hive and stepped back as it became engulfed in flames. With his trusty garden hose in hand, he immediately began his attempt to extinguish the flames before the tree, the house, the whole neighborhood caught on fire. Although the flames died down expediently, not all of the hornets perished in the blaze. A few survivors remained, and all... ... ice pack pressed to his neck. Three of the disenchanted beasts had pursued my father into the house and the crashing sounds were those of the ensuing chase and carnage in the living room. What were the results of this encoun ter? My father sustained bad stings to his neck, forearm and calf, a large bruise to his knee, and a stiff and sore back that exist to halt his journey to work the following morning. It is apparent to me that the moral of this story is that proper preparation would have saved my father a great love of pain and suffering. Had he taken a few simple precautions (wearing long sleeves and gloves, or perhaps making a quick call to an exterminator) perhaps the incident may never have occurred. According to the latest reports from my mother, the nest remains where it landed on the boulevard of their lawn and is still humming menacingly today.

Why invest in bonds when there are so many other options? Essay

Why invest in bonds when there are so many other options? Since 1999, the preservation has been in a downward trend. The majority of people who had invested in the stock market now known as the great stock cardcastle or fraud bubble were given a false sense of security and they felt the market would just keep climbing. Were there signs that investors could have looked for to predict the economic downturn? If investors had looked for the signs, maybe they could have changed their direction of investiture. This paper will investigate the characteristics of bonds and see if the bond market has proven to be a safe haven for those who were wise bountiful to invest in it. When the economy is in a downward trend why should more people invest in bonds? A good investment is a timely investment in which people change direction of their portfolio at the beginning of economic swings. The economists monitor timely reports and determine the direction of the economy by tracking ten economic indicators through a select group of economic categories employment, consumer spending, industrial production and inflation (Updegrave, Ten Indicators). Key items of the barter Situation Summary focus in on unemployment rate, number of new jobs and help-wanted index. An increase in the number of new jobs and help wanted advertisements suggest a growing or stable economy. Unemployment rate tells the economists where the economy has been, whereas the number of new jobs predicts where the economy is going (Updegrave, p. 2). One important factor in the unemployment rate is that it tells the analyst that the economy has already changed. For example, an increase in the number of unemployed indicates that employers will not meet earnings or expect reduced earnin... ...Strategies. Third Edition. assimilator Hall, NJ, 1996. Noddings, Thomas. The Investors Guide to Convertible Bonds. Dow Jones Irwin, Illinois, 1982. Bibliography Belkaoui, Ahmed. Industrial Bonds and the Rating Process. Qu orum Books, Westport, Connecticut, 1983. Fabozzi, Frank. Bond Markets, Analysis and Strategies. Third Edition. Prentice Hall, NJ, 1996. Noddings, Thomas. The Investors Guide to Convertible Bonds. Dow Jones Irwin, Illinois, 1982. Updegrave, Walter. The Economy Ten Indicators. CNN bills November 22, 2002 Veale, Stuart R. Bond Yield Analysis A Guide to Predicting Bond Returns. Prentice Hall, New York Institute of Finance, 1988. CNBC money. Questions and Answers, November 22, 2002.

Wonder Woman: A Symbol of the Feminist Movement Essay -- Wonder Woman,

William Marston was an unusual mana psychologist, a soft-porn pulp novelist, more than a bit of a carny, and the (self-declared) inventor of the lie detector. He was also the creator of appreciation cleaning woman, the comic that he used to express two of his greatest passions feminist movement and women in bondage.(Berlatsky, 2015) For over 60 years, appreciation charr has filled the pages of her magazine with adventures ranging from battling Nazis, to declawing human-like Cheetahs. Her exploits thrilled and inspired many young girls, including Gloria Steinem. Through all of this, she has had to pilot her camouflaged jet through territories that her male counterparts have never had to. She is constantly pulled in two directions her stories must be entertaining and non threatening to the male status quo, firearm simultaneously furthering her as the original symbol of Girl Power. She is praised for being an icon of strength to women everywhere, but chastised for wearing a skim py costume and tying men up, as if she were no more than a male fantasy. No comic book character has had to endure as much scrutiny as Wonder Woman. Thats because Wonder Woman represents an entire gender, at a time of important social flux. Although she was created by a man to influence a male audience, Wonder Woman has evolved into an important symbol of the feminist movement.An Amazon is bornShortly after Superman made his appearance in 1939, a noted psychologist by the piddle of William Moulton Marston wrote an article in Family Circle magazine, praising comic books. According to Les Daniels in Wonder Woman The Complete History (Chronicle Books, 2000, pp. 22-24), his article caught the eye of M.C. Gains of DC Comics. Gains was so impressed by the article, he hired Marston into a new position at DC Comics. Within a year, at the urging of his wife, Marston set come out to create a female superhero. By February 1941, Marston handed in his first script for Suprema The Wonder Woman. (We owe a debt of thanks to whoever dropped the Suprema.) Marston created a unique heroine, found loosely on Greek Mythology. Diana was the Princess of Paradise Island, a mystical place inhabited by Amazons. Her mother, Hippolyte (sometimes referred to as Hippolyta), Queen of the Amazons, wanted a child and petitioned the Goddesses of Olympus to pull up stakes her one. She was instructed to sculpt a child from clay. When she was done, the... ... nurturing. All the while balancing family issues and fighting against stereotypes. As her comic book moves ahead, Wonder Woman will continue to rein in issues relating to every woman, and even, every human. Works CitedBerlatsky, Noah. Wonder Woman Bondage and Feminism in the Marston/Peter Comics, 1941-1948. January 2015. Print. Daniels, Les. Wonder Woman The Complete History. San Francisco Chronicle Books, 2001.Edgar, Joanna Wonder Woman Revisited Ms. Warner Communications (July 1972) 28-29Jimenez, Phil. Wonder Woman 172. (Second Ser ies) DC Comics (August 2001)Kanigher, Robert. Sensation Comics 97. DC Comics (May-June 1950)Kanigher, Robert. Wonder Woman 204. DC Comics (January-February 1973)Marston, William Moulten. Wonder Woman Archives, Vol. One. New York DC Comics 1998, 8-16The New, Original Wonder Woman Wonder Woman, ABC November 7, 1975ONeil, Dennis. Wonder Woman 177. DC Comics (July-August 1968)Perez, George. Wonder Woman 1 (Second Series) DC Comics (February 1987)Thomas, Roy. Wonder Woman 288 DC Comics (February 1982)Wolfman, Marv. Crisis On Infinite Earths 12 DC Comics (December 1986)

Essay on Camus’ The Stranger (The Outsider): Meursault as Metaphysical

Meursault as Metaphysical Rebel in The Stranger (The Outsider) The Stranger by Albert Camus was published in 1942. The setting of the novel is Algiers where Camus spent his youth in poverty. In many ways the main character, Meursault, is a typical Algerian youth. Like them, and like Camus himself, Meursault was in love with the sun and the sea. His life is devoted to appreciating physical sensations. He seems so devoid of emotion. Something in Meursaults character has appealed primarily to readers since the books publication. Is he an absurd anti-hero? Is he a moral monster? Is he a rebel against a conventional morality? Critics and readers alike have disputed a variety of approaches to Meursault. I recall he is the embryo of Camus metaphysical rebel as articulated in the philosophical essay, The Rebel. He is the man who says by his actions, I will go this far, save no farther.In order to understand Meursaults rebellion we must first understand the nature of his personality as po rtrayed by Camus. The novel begins with the short assertion Mother died today. Or, maybe, yesterday I cant be sure. His mothers death briefly interrupts the pleasant flow of Meursaults life, a life devoted to appreciating sensation. He loves the feel of a crisp towel in the washroom. He enjoys eating, drinking, and smoking cigarettes. He loves to watch the sea and the sky. Swimming and making love to pretty girls like Marie are his popular pastimes, so much so that an offer of a job promotion in Paris does not in the least appeal to him. When something bores him or distresses him he simply goes to sleep, as he does on the bus to his mothers funeral and even in jail. He is a detached observer of life. Symbolic of this quality... ... noble act. Even we aptitude be able to do that. BIBLIOGRAPHYBree, Germaine. Camus. newfangled York Harcourt Brace, 1964.Camus, Albert. The Rebel. New York Vintage Books, 1954Champigny, Robert. A Pagan Hero. Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania P ress, 1969.Cruickshank, John. Albert Camus and the Literature of Revolt. New York Oxford University Press, 1960.King. Adele. Camus. New York Capricorn Books, 1971.Lottman, Herbert R. Albert Camus A Biography. New York George Braziller Inc. 1980.Masters, Brian. Camus A Study. London Heinemann, 1974.McCarthy, Patrick. Camus A Critical Study of his Life and Works. London Hamish Hamilton, 1982.OBrien, Conor Cruise. Albert Camus of Europe and Asia. New York Viking Press, 1970.Quillot, Roger. The Sea and Prisons. University of Alabama University of Alabama Press, 1970

Free Siddhartha Essays: The Search in Siddartha :: Hesse Siddhartha Essays

The Search in Siddartha     Siddartha is a book of a human beingss struggle to find his true self. But his searching leads him in all the wrong directions. Then finally after a long move around he stops looking. During his search he discovers four things, what the oneness of life is, how the four alarming truths affect everything, enlightenment, wisdom and love. On page 142 and 143 Siddartha realizes that Atmen or the oneness of life is in everything. That no matter who you are whether the Buddha, the dice player, or robber, everything is Brahman. Even a rock is said to have Atmen, because eventually the rock would solve and become material for a human body. He understood that the human being needed certain outlets to release emotions, such as lust, desires, and wants. The four noble truths encapsulates the ideas of Siddartha, where he believes that the human needs outlets. Throughout the book Siddartha, he struggles with his desire to find himself. In his life Siddartha was a Brahmins son, a Samana, a lover, and a merchant. Through his life he realized that no matter what you are, everything suffers. He also learned that most of his sufferings come from his feature desires. As seen by his want for Kamalas love, he did almost anything for that love. Finally Siddartha realized that everything that fulfilled his desires was all illusion. In the end he became a ferryman and the actualisation of what life was all about hit him everything revolves around everything else and one must live life and enjoy it. Realization of himself came in two stages, the first was when he left Gotama, coming to the river on page 41 and 42. He realized that he had always tried to follow after the ways and in the paths of others, only now he needed to follow his desires and to just live life. The second time Siddartha was enlightened he was sitting by the same river with Vasudeva, on page 136 and 137, he realized that he must not fight against his destiny. This enlightenment rattling came when he distinguishd, to Govina on page 143, what he thought life actually was. It was not Samsara or Nirvana, but it was the realization that life is only illusion, a person just does what he can. Siddartha, on page 34, did not believe that a person could gain salvation through teachings, but that a person needed to find his salvation through himself and no words could ever describe ones enlightenment when he found it.

Free Siddhartha Essays: The Search in Siddartha :: Hesse Siddhartha Essays

The Search in Siddartha     Siddartha is a book of a gays struggle to find his true self. But his searching leads him in all the wrong directions. Then finally after a long pilgrimage he stops looking. During his search he discovers four things, what the combination of life is, how the four direful truths affect everything, enlightenment, wisdom and love. On summon 142 and 143 Siddartha realizes that Atmen or the oneness of life is in everything. That no matter who you are whether the Buddha, the dice player, or robber, everything is Brahman. Even a rock is said to have Atmen, because eventually the rock would disassemble and become material for a human body. He understood that the human being needed certain outlets to release emotions, such as lust, desires, and wants. The four noble truths encapsulates the ideas of Siddartha, where he believes that the human needs outlets. Throughout the book Siddartha, he struggles with his desire to find himself. In his life Siddartha was a Brahmins son, a Samana, a lover, and a merchant. Through his life he realized that no matter what you are, everything suffers. He also learned that most of his sufferings come from his induce desires. As seen by his want for Kamalas love, he did almost anything for that love. Finally Siddartha realized that everything that fulfilled his desires was all illusion. In the end he became a ferryman and the acknowledgement of what life was all about hit him everything revolves around everything else and one must live life and enjoy it. Realization of himself came in two stages, the first was when he left Gotama, coming to the river on page 41 and 42. He realized that he had always tried to follow after the ways and in the paths of others, barely now he needed to follow his desires and to just live life. The second time Siddartha was enlightened he was sitting by the same river with Vasudeva, on page 136 and 137, he realized that he must not fight against his destiny. T his enlightenment really came when he recognized, to Govina on page 143, what he thought life actually was. It was not Samsara or Nirvana, but it was the realization that life is only illusion, a person just does what he can. Siddartha, on page 34, did not believe that a person could gain salvation through teachings, but that a person needed to find his salvation through himself and no words could ever describe ones enlightenment when he found it.

Development of the learning process of students for progress through after school program Essay

The question of development of students in their childhood is extremely vital that has to be tackled carefully, if non various problems will arise non only at the individual level but also at the national level.To improve the condition, the sanction of store by the government alone is not sufficient to solve the problems but question remains at the top for its use in right worry at the right clipping in right amount with consideration of grant, method of constructing the children in the limitation of time and space of adults, the capacity of the children for their success, the implementation of cunning in their education life with the question of implementation of their education in the development of the community with the help of after direct program.If the problem is solved tactfully and effectively, the mani creese benefit can be had for the development of the students. The congruous implementation of the after school program will bring come to the fore the goodness in t he students to the society in proper manner. The creativity, which is present in every student by birth, will come out to the society to give strength not only to the students themselves but also to the nation.The obligate Children At Risk Constructions of Childhood in the 21st Century Community training Centers Federal After-School platform by Sharon Verner Chappell is not only an informative one but also a fine creation of work of literature. This article may be termed as a vital literature, though it an article, in the contemporary fleck imputable its wide range of info and analysis of the situation of the students of any country. The effectiveness of the article is without the any boundary of the community, language and the nations.The sanction of $4. 5 billion by U. S. government for after school programs through the 21st Century Community Learning Centers (Chappell, S. V. 2006) is an independent variable if we consider the fact about the budget allocation. The amount is d ecided at the time of budget and at the time of budget preparation other needs are not taken into accounts. Though the actual amount spent will puzzle dependent variable when the number of school and students are taken into consideration. some other example of dependant variable can be seen as the number of good performing students that is directly proportional to change magnitude skill in study and inversely proportional to decreased number of adverse behavior like teen pregnancy. Sanctioning money is very a great deal essential for any project to be completed, considering this assumption the US government has sanctioned the money amount. This may be considered as an principal(prenominal) system. A hypothesis that children are active and academically successful (i. e. productive) when they attend a state regulated educational program, whereas those children who do not attend such programs are passive, unproductive, unsuccessful, and by extension, perhaps, not good people is c ited in the article by Chappell (2006). This Operational Research Question is universally acclaimed and it is studied here in the context appropriately. The students and the parents two are needed high attention of care and support when they are from high poverty family. This thought is also implemented in the article.When students are in low-performing school their self-performance is also decreased. In addition to this hypothesis another one like when art is introduced in the curriculum, the performance of the students are better many fold from previous. Another citation by Chappell (2006) from Vadeboncoeur (2005,123), is as notions of time and space can be used to map institutional and narrative landscapes of students. This is also an important operational research. The definition of term by the article writer is provided in between the sentence by proper explanation in next criterion in the advancement of the description.After stating some policy, additional information is pr ovided to describe the policy, which act as invisible definition of the term in the article. Some time the definition is condition in bracket as in constrain the number of children in self-care (latchkey children who take care of themselves). The meaning of implemented sentence reduce the number of children in self-care in given in the bracket in later part. Population and sampling procedure is informative and given in between sentence without any tabular form.This keeps the flow of the article readable and enjoyable. One example of this in article is Since 2003, 6,800 rural and urban public schools have been served n other(a) the country. Another sampling in the article is given at proper time and places with proper citation method to avoid the ambiguity due to copyright with gives the article a good ornamental decorating. Data source are very huge and the data are pulled from the scholarly and expensive articles all related to the subject matter of the article.The tireless, e xtensive and enthusiastic efforts are given to collect the data from various books, magazines and the websites. The proper care has been taken to collect the data after exhaustive study of the collected materials to produce the article. The data are collected with proper estimation and measurement and the authenticity cannot be suspect as the whole matter is taken from the scholarly articles, authentic magazines and popular books. The psychological and mental estimation of the children are provided with the article with various hypothesis and theory.The data are not provided in any tabular form but are scattered throughout the articles in the manner of information with full lucrative and informative sentence. In the beginning of the article amount of $4. 5 million is mentioned as the sanctioned amount for 21st Century Community Learning Centers (21st CCLC). Another data is 6800 rural and public school but in no any data table. Presentation and interpretation of findings are in very brainy and economical manner.The various divisions have been done with different sub-heading the article to provide the information in proper and chorological manner. The required data and information can be easily had due to the excellent presentation of the article. Findings have proper interpretation and placed at appropriate place. In this article main theme is the bend of childhood with the help of the after school programs to be implemented with the help of various funds allocations by concerned institutions. The methods are described to obtained good results by good students.The need for improvement of economically improvised school along with the economically downtrodden family is emphasized. The need of arts is very much essential for the student to become a good student. Though the article is exhaustive in information and description in the problems mentioned in the titles, the need for further Research cannot be denied. in that location is a need to study the personal behavior of the students at the time of after school program. Many students may not be interested in such program.So they cannot be forced to do the implemented programs but s/he should be given proper attention to find out the actual need and interest of the students. There is need to conduct the research in the area of students behavior and their interests in the study at the very early age. Strength of the study remains in the area of research. The extensive and exhaustive research is done in proper subject matter. The method of citation is proper and the information put at proper places with the good structure of the paragraph with the flow of the information in one proper direction is always advancing. helplessness of the study is in the method of representation of the data in tabular forms without any comparison method. The compared data would have given better understanding of the situation of the students. The poverty level of the parents of the students and the economicall y degraded school with opposite situation could have been compared in tabular form for better understanding. The various opinions of the parents and the students could have given better improvement in the study.

Lsi Paper Essay

The life miens Inventory (LSI) is developed by Dr. J. Clayton Lafferty. LSI argon measures 12 specific styles of patterns of approximateing that so-and-so either help or seal off a person from reaching his or her potential. The 12 styles measures by LSI are organized into three general clusters Constructive, Passive/Defensive, Aggressive/Defensive. Research has shown that the styles measures by the LSI are related to a snatch of indicators of notioniveness and success, including leadership effectiveness, management effectiveness, problem solving effectiveness, quality of interpersonal relations, salary, geological formational level, individual health and well being, and organization culture. Part 1 Personal Thinking StylesAfter I took the LSI, my primary personal thinking style are bloodsucking and Competitive which came in the alike(p) percentile with a 99 percentile. My back up personal thinking style is Approval with a 95 percentile. To begin with my primary personal thin king, first, Dependent style, passive/defensive cluster, is about hatful who relies on others for direction, a good confederate, doesnt challenge others, and aims to please everyone. I totally agree this style coffin nail show who I am.Most of my life I tend to dependent on the others until now. I like to be a follower and accept what is people thinking and making decision. Now, Im trying to change my thinking and attitude because I gaint privation to be a follower forever. I know myself why I am always a follower because I am afraid to say something to be the first person, I might say the wrong answer that leave makes me feel embarrass in classroom or public places. This might be side effect from when I was young, once time I said the wrong answer in classroom and my classmates started laugh at me. That situation still stays with me. other of my primary personal thinking is Competitive style, aggressive/defensive cluster, is about people who competes rather than cooperates, strong need to win, and constantly compares self to others. I dont agree with this score. For me, I think that competitive thinking style is not to be descriptive me. I always do the best with my theorize and task but I didnt focus on to be winning. I do accept my colleagues work, I am not the person who exit say no or disagree too much. I plan to achieve my goal but I didnt think to be number one.This thinking style seems cannot explain me. Next, my backup personal thinking is Approval style, passive/defensive cluster, is about people sets goals that please others, support those with the most authority, agrees with everyone, and reluctantly deals with conflict. I totally agree with this score. According to LSI result, the approval scale measures our need to be accepted by others to increase or sustain our feeling of self-worth. I think dependent and approval styles both are similar to explain me. I like to work many people but I will be a good listener. This might be cause from I dont like to read since I was young until now. I want to change myself to be a good reader, so, I might have more knowledge to discuss, suggest, and participate with others people. The one style that might be running(a) against me and reducing my overall effectiveness would be the Humanistic-Encouraging. I like to work and share story with people but for this style I think I dont have too much power to encourage people believe what I say or what I think. I can be an advisor for who has a problem but I dont know after I talked with them my advice with help them or not. My score in Humanistic-Encouraging is the lowest percentile with is 57 percentile. So, I need to motivate myself for improve for effective in organization.Part 2 Impact on Management StyleA PlanningB organizingC LeadingD ControllingPart 3 Genesis of Personal StylePart 4 expiry and reflectionI think this survey is very benefits and advantages for me. When I looked at the score on the first time I dont think dependent style will be my primarybut after I read all detail about who are in this style. I believe, this can show how I am. After finished this survey, I know how to approve and change my personal life style. This survey seems like a road map that show you how to improve. Also if you follow all those steps, your personal style and think will change to be a good way.In this course MGMT591, I have my goal

Do Child’s Shoe Size Increase with Age

Do Childrens shoe sizing increase in age? IntroductionI teased apart from my evidence relevant data collected three important bits of entropy being, age, shoe size of it and gender I then gathered the data and evaluated the information after converting it into tables, graphs and charts. I gathered data from various ages, with various shoe size. Using evidence to understand and conclude which hypothesis is the most accurate. I still the frame work of my report and from prior knowledge I already had a thesis of my own. Using mind mapping I created Ideas for obtaining relevant data.AimThe put of my investigation is to have obtained enough relevant data to confirm the most accurate hypothesis and reinforce my argument. The evidence needs to be clear and little and specific points summarised. Hypothesis and Null HypothesisHypothesis- Do childrens shoe size increase with age? Null hypothesis- As children get older their shoe size do not get bigger. MethodI devised a simple short que stionnaire to obtain three important parts of information, gender, shoe size and age. All participants were sixteen or under I received consent from themselves or their parents and explained the reasons for my research.I then transferred the data into a tally chart and calculated how many participants have what size shoe. I then displayed the data into a barchart, pie chart and a scatter graph. I used various ways of working out the averages. Participants ages god from ten long time of age to sixteen years of age, their shoe size ranged from a childrens size long dozen to a size septette. MethodTo obtain my evidence I devised a questionnaire and explained to participants if I could ask them three short questions to complete my report. The selected questions I chose I felt would be enough to put a report together, to observe a trend and to confirm statistics.Participants I asked thirty participants ranging from ten years of age to sixteen years of age, male and female with shoe si zes verying from a childs size thirteen to a size seven. I asked equal amount of female participants to male participants. MaterialsEach participants where asked if they were happy for myself to ask three simple questions reference to their age, gender and shoe size. younger participants guardians were also asked if they were happy for me to ask their childrens questions from my short questionnaire.All participants I knew personally, they were either friends, relatives or work collegues. Each questionnaire displayed Thank you for completing this short questionnaire?Do childrens shoe size increase with ag eI disected the data into sections to understand, firstly the average shoe size overall, having relevant information allowed me to devise charts, graphs and tables to evaluate whether shoe size increase with age. DiscussionI feel the range of age could be better as I had no knowledge of the childrens age before the questionnaire was completed by them which altered my results.The re sults clearly supported the Hypothesis. Some results I would not have predicted for instance a thirteen year old boy with size seven shoe. Certain factors such as gender may have affected my results, some of the participants were teenagers and were probably experiencing growth spurts especially male participants as some results were quite surprising as mentione previously. I asked thirty participants which I felt was enough children to have enough date to devise a report maybe the range of the participants ages may have given me an interested twist to the Hypothesis.If I was to complete my studies again I would probably have a larger range of the participants age, I feel that the equal amount of male and female participants provided a fair report. ConclusionAnalyzing my findings I can see that the overal participants shoe size did increase with age, the Hypothesis seems to be correct. I feel I obtained enough data to understand if the Hypothesis was true or false. I can also analyz e the most original average is mode. The average shoe size with in the participants age range of ten years to sixteen years is a size three.

Research Project on Nimbooz by Pepsico

A Study on the Customer Preference of Nimbooz, Kolkata Chapter Table of Content Pg. Nos. Chapter I knowledgeableness and Literature Re put mavin over * Introduction to the Topic 6 * Introduction to the Industry 9 * Introduction to the Company 25 * Introduction to Nimbooz 44 Chapter II Research Design * Title of the stomach report 59 * Statement of the problem 59 * Scope of the Study 59 * Objective of the Study 59 * Hypothesis Development 59 * methodology 60 * Data Sampling * Sampling Details * Tools for Data Analysis * Limitations of the Study 61 Chapter III Analysis and Interpretation 62 Chapter IV analysis Of Findings 85 Chapter V Recommendations and 86 Conclusion 89 * Bibliography 90 * Annexures 91 * Questionnaire INTRODUCTION TO TOPIC The crapulence industry of India has charmn the introduction of brand- bargon-assed products e realwhere the cash in ones chips few socio-economic classs. PepsiCo launched the lime-lemon make merry Nimbooz. The inebriation is an addition to its 7-up category with real lemon juice, no fizz and no artificial hardens. This inquiry is to identify the trade public presentation of one such product that is Pepsi co. s Nimbooz. Market exploreis any organized effort to gather information ab break through merchandisesor customers. It is a actually important component of cargon strategy. The term is comm still interchanged with commercializeing research however, expert practitioners may wish to draw a distinction,in that securities industryingresearch is confine-to doe with specifically active arresteting processes, while commercialiseresearch is concerned specifically with food markets. Market Research is the key circumstanceor to get advantage over competitors. Market research provides important information to identify and analyze the market need, market sizing and competition.Market research allows social and opinion research, and is the systematic gathering and expla community of information about individuals or organizations using statistical and analytical methods and techniques of the applied social sciences to gain insight or verify decision making. The process of market research included Step 1 Problem Definition The graduation step in any marketing research project is to define the problem. In defining the problem, the researcher should take into account the purpose of the study, the relevant background information, what information is needed, and how it will be used in decision making.Problem definition involves banter with the decision makers and analysis of secondary data. Once the problem has been precisely defined, the research can be designed and conducted properly. Step 2 Development of an Approach to the Problem Development of an approach to the problem includes formulating an objective or theoretical framework, analytical models, research questions, hypotheses, and identifying propertys or factors that can influence the research design . This process is guided by case studies and simulations, analysis of secondary data and pragmatic considerations.Step 3 Research Design Formulation A research design is a framework or blueprint for conducting the marketing research project. It details the procedures necessary for obtaining the required information, and its purpose is to design a study that will test the hypotheses of interest, determine possible answers to the research questions, and provide the information needed for decision making. Conducting exploratory research, precisely defining the variables, and designing appropriate scales to measure them atomic material body 18 also a part of the research design.The issue of how the data should be obtained from the respondents (for example, by conducting a survey or an experiment) must be addressed. It is also necessary to design a questionnaire and a sample distribution program to select respondents for the study. Step 4 Data Collection Data collection handing out qu estionnaires to respondents for study. It involves a certain level of interaction with the respondents. Step 5 Data Preparation and Analysis Data preparation includes the editing, coding, transcription, and verification of data. Each questionnaire or observation form is inspected, or edited, and, if necessary, corrected.Number or letter codes be designate to represent each response to each question in the questionnaire. Step 6 Report Preparation and Presentation The entire project is documented in a written report which addresses the specific research questions identified, describes the approach, the research design, data collection, and data analysis procedures adopted, and present the results and the major findings. The findings should be presented in a approachable format so that they can be readily used in the decision making process. The project incorporates the analysis of the customer preference of Nimbooz.The research studies the boilersuit post-launch consumer behavior a nd analyses the customer preference of Nimbooz. INTRODUCTION TO THE BEVERAGE INDUSTRY A swallowis a drink specifically prep atomic number 18d for human consumption. potables al al just about of all time largely consist of peeing. Drinks often consumed include Water (both flat or change),Juice based drinks, Soft drinks, Sports and Energy drinks, wet drinks analogous beer or spirits ,Coffee, tea ,Dairy products standardized milk. Filling of beverages can be done cold, hot, ambient and cold-aseptic filling to mention the latest trend of beverage marketing and technology.The beverage is mainly categorise into two major categories based upon the alcoholic and nonalcoholic nature of the drink An alcoholic beverage is a drink containing ethanol, commonly kn knowledge as alcohol. Alcoholic beverages argon divided into triad general classes beers, wines, and spirits. They are legally consumed in most countries, and over 100 countries afford laws regulating their production, sal e, and consumption. In particular, such laws destine the minimum age at which a person may legally buy or drink them. This minimum age varies surrounded by 16 and 25 social classs, depending upon the rural and the type of drink.Most nations set it at 18 years of age. A non-alcoholic beverage is a beverage that contains less than 0. 5% alcohol by volume. Non-alcoholic versions of or so alcoholic beverages, such as non-alcoholic beer mocktails, are widely available where alcoholic beverages are sold. Non-Alcoholic beverages are further of two types based upon carbon content. Carbonated beverages which include washing sodas, docile drinks which are fizzy and carbonated to a lower place pressure. Non-Carboanted beverages are those that lack any carbon content these beverages include contain Fruit juices, Coffee, Tea and otherwise odored drinks like lemonade, gigerale etc.The beverage market is worth $55 billion foundationwide. The tides are turning for many beverage categor ies. While the carbonated sonant drink and beer categories are merely treading water with flat sales, the energy drink category is surging ahead like never before. Bottled water, ready-to-drink coffee, ready-to-drink tea and sports drinks follow close behind with completely sales increment- drinks without added sugar, no beer, along with developments in juice drinks and dairy-based drinks, are helping to turn around sales in these categories.What follows is a category-by-category look at the bow of the beverage industry, including the top brands, smart products,innovations and future trend setters. The above graph shows the relative share of all the beverages worldwide. As shown by the above graph the divergent beverage sectors can be classified according to importance. THE CHANGING BEVERAGE INDUSTRY In order to be successful in the marketplace, one has to think in terms of health innovation, flavor innovation, ingredient innovation and specific age groups. These are the fact ors that will shape the future of the beverage industry.Todays consumers are concerned with overall health and wellness. As a result, there is significant impact on food and beverage purchases. Many studies adjudge shown that consumers are as concerned with good health as they are about maintaining a heights quality of life. Beverage Industry have gone deep into the consumer preferences and tastes. The soft drink industry is training slew to seek out new products, even the big companies are coming out with limited-edition flavors, and consumers are beginning to see that there is much flavor activity going on in the category.Whether that really nets anybody any sales gains is another(prenominal) thing, but it is teaching consumers to seek out and try new products. The beverage industry has workn drastically in the brave 10-15 years. Each year the beverage manufacturers turnover increase and they persist to antedate new beverages. The graph shows that the Non carbonated sector is the dark horse which has shown tremendous growth rate from 1997-2010. With health and wellness being major concerns and obesity becoming a global issue, the future of the beverage industry is the non carbonated sector as shown. Packaging TechnologiesWith the change magnitude global customer base, beverage retailing is transforming. However, with the race toward globalization, it requires longer shelf life, along with monitoring food safety and quality based upon international standards. To address these needs, nanotechnology is enable new food and beverage encase technologies. Applications in nano-enabled furtherance bridge circuit development of improved tastes, color, flavor, texture and consistency of beverages, increased absorption and bio-avail baron of nutrients and health supplements, new food packaging materials with improved mechanical, barrier and antimicrobial properties.According to a study by iRAP, Inc. , the radical nano-enabled food and beverage packaging market in the year 2008 was US$4. 13 bln, which is judge to grow in 2009 to US$4. 21 bln and forecasted to grow to US$7. 30 bln by 2014, at a CAGR of 11. 65%. Active technology represents the largest share of the market, and will continue to do so in 2014, with $4. 35 billion in sales. In spite of several challenges and restrictions faced by this industry, it is a roll like never before. Customer preferences may have shifted, but they are still al ways on the lookout for a can of coke or a new flavored drink to quench their thirstINDIAN BEVERAGE MARKET India has a cr tireion of more than 1. 15 Billions which is just behind China. According to the estimates, by 2030 India population will be around 1. 450 Billion and will surpass China to move around the world largest in terms of population. Beverage Industry which is impartly related to the population is expected to maintain a robust growth rate. The price stability throughout the year has contributed to the increase in domesti c liquor sales. India is a booming market for the beverage industry. It already accounts for about ten per cent of global beverage consumption today.This means that the country has the third-largest beverage consumption after the USA and China. just that is not the end of the road. Market analyses indicate that beverage sales in India will be increasing by more than 60 per cent between 2008 and 2012. Since India is a country of tea and coffee drinkers, packaged cold drinks have enormous potential. Packaged water, beer, spirits and carbonated drinks are recording what rates are in round cases high double-digit growth. All in all, annual per capita consumption of packaged beverages is supposed to triple from 2. 6 litres in 2000 to 8. 7 litres in 2012.The total carbonated beverages and juices market is estimated at 284 million crates a year. The market is highly seasonal in nature with consumption varying from 25 million crates per calendar month during peak season to 15 million duri ng offseason. REASONS FOR GROWTH In India, various positive factors drive the beverage markets. One is the rebellion number of people in the middle class with extra money to spend on new beverages like wine, new brands of trade whiskey, or the fancy energy drinks, some of which are really good to enable people to work longer, to listen longer during conferences, and even to party longer and have fun. Economic number one woodsWith surd economic drivers of consumer spending, India is a very different market from that of the 1980s or 1990s. With a gross domestic product of USD800 billion and a GDP growth rate in 2005-06 of over 8 percent, India is now the third largest economy in Asia. Average GDP growth of the support 10 years has been 6. 5 percent per annum. And most significantly, the stepping up of GDP growth is driven primarily by domestic demand rather than exports. * Demographic driversMacro There are compelling demographic trends in the country that promise new and sustain ed opportunities for beverage product suppliers who can read right the signals.The country boasts an expanding middle class that is currently 350 million substantive (a population larger than that of the USA or the European Union). The rapid growth in the retail sector (over 20 percent per annum) is a confirmation of the increasing buying power of the middle class. FRUIT BEVERAGE INDUSTRY The Indian beverage market offers hot options. The fruit beverages industry in India now stands at Rs 1100 crores (approx. Euro one hundred eightery million) and the market has grown at the rate of 30%. Part of the industry of fast moving consumer goods is also the beverage industry.The total beverage industry in India is being estimated to grow at 17% this year, according to experts. Food and beverages piece has not suffered despite the slowdown in the economy. FMCG in stores has done very well. In fact, it registered 10-15% growth in this segment last year. CARBONATED BEVERAGE INDUSTRY Approxi mately 120 billion liters of beverages are consumed by Indians every year, but only 5% represent store-bought packaged beverages. The majority of Indian consumers (75%) still consume non-alcoholic store-bought beverages less than once a day, highlighting a large untapped market opportunity, particularly in the carbonated drinks and juice or juice-based categories (estimated to be worth $1. 5 Billion and $. 25 billion respectively). In order to increase consumption and penetration of such beverages manufacturers will have to address the two primary reasons why some Indians abstain entirely, that is, health concerns and undesirable taste Beverage majors like Coca sens India, for example, again reported growing sales.Coca-Cola in India reported a solid first bottom 2009 results not only despite a challenging economic environment, but also with unit case volume increasing by 31%. And eight quarters out of the 11 quarters had a double-digit growth. . MILK BASED BEVERAGES Demand for mi lk and milk-based beverages are also rising. India is the worlds biggest producer and consumer of milk, since milk plays a major role in the Indian diet. The consumption of milk and milk-based beverages has increased by an annual average of 2. 7 per cent in the last four years and most of them (65 per cent) are sold loose / unpackaged.The proportion of the market accounted for by packaged milk and dairy products are increasing, however. In the last(prenominal) four years, for example, demand for milk filled in pouches has grown by 4. 5 per cent annually, while the fi gure for milk in cartons is about 25 per cent. The rising consumption is making it necessary for appropriate investments to be made by the beverage industry. The sector is highly fragmented and 95 per cent of these producers have modest or very small operations. Of this, the health beverage industry is valued at $230 million.The Indian beverage industry faces over supply in segments like coffee and tea. However, more than half of this is available in unpacked or loose form. Indian hot beverage market is a tea dominant market. Consumers in different parts of the country have heterogeneous tastes. The urban-rural split of the tea market was 5149 in 2000. Coffee is consumed largely in the grey states. The size of the total packaged coffee market is 19,600 tonnes or $87 million. Increasingly packaged coffee is becoming super popular and so is the cafeteria finishing as promoted by Barista and Cafe Coffee Day.PACKAGED WATER Though not technically a beverage. Packaged mineral water is also considered to be a part os the Beverage Industry. Mineral water market in India is a 65 million crates ($50 million) industry. On an average, the monthly consumption is estimated at 4. 9 million crates, which increases to 5. 2 million during peak season. BEVERAGES FOR HEALTH AND WELLNESS IN INDIAN MARKET The global health and wellness trends in the beverage sector are beginning to notice an increasing level of ac tivity in India.There is today a growing health and wellness consciousness among consumers and an increasing importance given to fitness and healthy lifestyle choices. Changing work and lifestyle habits leave less time for home cooking and therefore thorn demand for convenience and complete upkeep from meal replacements. There is a greater inclination to self-care rather than medicate, a greater awareness of the operative benefits of health beverages and a greater willingness to pay a premium for such beverages. RESPONSE TO HEALTH AND WELLNESSWith these sound drivers of growth, it is not surprising that the beverage industry in India has begun to respond with products that are marketed clearly on a health and wellness platform. However, to set the record straight, health and wellness is not a wholly new platform for the Indian market. India has, for decades, had a thriving health food drinks market. Market leader, GlaxoSmithK place Consumer Healthcare (GSKCH), has had iconic bran ds Horlicks, Boost, Viva and Maltova create top-of-the-mind recall crossways generations of Indians.The fact is that there has all along been a strong international front end in beverage market and more recently this has been witnessing the emergence of Indian internationals across this sector. However, much of the marketing for health food drinks in the prehistoric has been general health and energy positioning, rather than the focus on specific benefits or ingredients that is characteristic of most mature health food markets. This is now changing and the specific initiatives of some companies are going a long way to creating a right repletey dynamic health and wellness beverage sector in India.Global market leader in Probiotic fermented milk drinks, Yakult, has teamed up with Danone to start manufacturing its probiotic fermented milk drink in India from 2007. Calcium-fortified beverages are a rapidly growing market. Some examples of brands that have affirmd calcium-fortifie d products are Amul Shakti, Coca-Cola Indias Mazza, GCMMF launched sports drink Stamina in early 2006. Red Bull was launched in India in 2003. Carbonated beverage giants Coke and Pepsi have also planned to widen their product portfolio with health-based beverages (non-carbonated).Pepsis Gatorade is already on the market. And in what must be among the most significant recent commercialization efforts of a traditional Indian drink, Amul Masti Spiced Buttermilk was launched (in a 200 ml tetra pack), marketed on the platform of being free of colour, preservatives, acids and suc move sugar. heavyset * Indian Beverage Market CAGR2007-201021% * India ranked 3rd in largest beverage consumption after the USA and China * Total Indian Beverage Consumption every year120 billion liters * Fruit Beverages Market size Rs 1100 crores (approx.Euro 180 million) * Fruit Beverage market growth rate 30% * Majority of Indian consumers75% consume Non-alcoholic beverages and 25% Alcoholic Beverages * Carbo nated Drinks Market size $1. 5 Billion * Juice or juice-based Drinks Market size $. 25 billion * Health beverage industry is valued at $230 million * Indian Beer Market development Rate 7 8 % * Indian Beverage Industry is 10% of Global beverage consumption today. * Milk-based beverages consumption has increased by an annual average of 2. 7 per cent in the last four years * Total packaged coffee market size 19,600 tons or $87 million. The Indian soft drink market is worth Rs. 21,600 million a year with a growth of around 7%. * The total soft drink (carbonated beverages and juices) market is estimated at 284 million crates a year or $1 billion. * Peak season soft drink consumption 25 million * Off-season soft drink consumption 15 million * The market is predominantly urban with 25 per cent contribution from rural areas. * Coca cola and Pepsi dominate the Indian soft drinks market. * Indian Mineral water market size 50 million industry. BARRIERS IN THE INDIAN BEVERAGE INDUSTRYDespit e this flurry of activity, the market is still plagued by low levels of awareness and a lack of mundanity in consumer choices. Price remains a stumbling block. Public concerns over safety and quality of beverages have been aggravated by research findings over alarming levels of pesticide residues in stored water and soft drinks. Furthermore, there is a lack of detail and clarity in food safety regulation regarding nutraceuticals and functional beverages, and regarding health claims. Within the beverage industry there is inadequate understanding of how to take traditional ingredients into the modern food processing environment.Finally, the retail sector, despite its growth, is still mostly unorganised and this limits the ability to differentiate health and wellness products through the allocation of exclusive shelf space devoted to this category. OVERCOMING BARRIERS To overcome these challenges, beverage suppliers need to approach the market with a multi-pronged strategy for incre asing penetration. It can be given as follow * Price resistance can, to some extent, be overcome by moving from imported to manufactured in India products. For example, imported Gatorade cost INR45 per 200 ml bottle.Now, made in India, it costs INR25. * Substitution or modification is in some ways easier to execute than addition. (Examples of substitution would be herbal tea replacing regular tea or soy milk replacing regular cows milk. Examples of modification would be low-fat, no-fat, lite variants of established beverage brands). * The growing trend towards on-the-go consumption/out-of-home consumption (at the workplace, in schools, colleges and gyms) presents suppliers with new place and form of consumption options (for example, hawking machines for dispensing health drinks at schools). Abandoning the one-size-fits-all positioning and generic selling points of the past, in favour of targeted and specific messaging based on validated health benefits is likely to be more effectiv e to the better informed middle class today. * Leveraging the intrinsic appeal of traditional Indian ingredients such as ayurvedic, herbal or oleoresin ingredients, but delivered in a modern, safe, well-to-do and consistent form, or packaging and branding traditional Indian health drinks such as buttermilk and lassi, could create whole new markets that derive their strength from known and trusted traditional ingredients or drinks. In the end, beverage suppliers who unlearn many of the long-held misconceptions about Indian consumers and respond kind of to their changing needs and priorities will be best placed to maximize the health and wellness opportunity in this large and growing market booster cable COMPANIES Coca-Cola Company The Coca-Cola Company (Coca-Cola) manufactures, markets and distributes nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups. The syrups, concentrates and beverage bases for Coca-Cola and tight 400 other soft-drink brands are manufactured and sold by the Coca- Cola Company and its subsidiaries in nearly 200 countries around the world.More than 60% of its products are sold outside of the US. It is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. The participation preserve revenues of $23,104 million during the fiscal year ended December 2005, an increase of 6. 3% over 2004. The companys net returns was $4,872 million in fiscal year 2005, an increase of 0. 5% over 2004. PepsiCo, Inc. PepsiCo is a leading global bite and beverage company. The company manufactures, markets and sells a range of flavoury, convenient, sweet and grain-based stings, carbonated and non-carbonated beverages and foods.The company operates in 200 countries besides the US and Canada. It is headquartered in Purchase, raw York. The company recorded revenues of $32. 6 billion during the fiscal year ended December 2005, an increase of 11. 3% over 2004. The net profit was $4,078 million in fiscal year 2005, a decrease of 3. 2% from 2004. Parle Bisleri Pvt Ltd Parle Bisleri is an Indian bottled water company. The group is also involved in the production of fruit juices under the Alfa brand. Bisleri is a brand of bottled water in India. Bisleri has 60% market share in packaged drinking water in India UnileverUnilever Group (Unilever) is one of the leading companies in the global fast-moving consumer goods segment. Unilever operates under a dual structure. Unilever NV and Unilever PLC are the twin parent companies of the Unilever Group. Also, Unilever NV, Unilever PLC and their group companies constitute a single reporting entity for presenting consolidated accounts. The group operates primarily in Europe, the Americas, Asia and Africa. It is headquartered in Blackfriars, the UK and employs about 206,000 people. The group recorded revenues of $49,310. million during the fiscal year ended December 2005, an increase of 2. 9% over 2004. The operating profit of the group was $6,605. 1 million during fiscal year 2005, an increase of 25. 4% over 2004. The net profit was $4,940. 8 million in fiscal year 2005, an increase of 35. 2% over 2004. Parle Agro Pvt Ltd Parle Agro is an Indian company in the beverages industry and has brands like Frooti, consistent winner of Indias fruit beverage brand, Appy, Appy Fizz and packaged drinking water, Bailley. A start in the Indian industry, Parle Agro is associated with many firsts.They were the first to introduce fruit drinks in tetra packaging, first to introduce apple nectar and the first to introduce fruit drinks in PET bottles. In 2008, Parle Agro forayed into foods with the launch of two confectionery brands, Mintrox mints and Buttercup candies. This was soon followed by two more brands Buttercup Softease and Softease Mithai. Recent beverage products from Parle Agro include angel Juice, LMN and Grappo Fizz. In 2009, Parle Agro forayed into snacks with the launch of Hippo, in line with the companys vision of becoming a major player in the foods and beverages industry.SWOT ANLYSIS OF THE BEVERAGE IND USTRY * forte * Renewal and investment * Innovation and Technological development * Experience in searching for new markets, niches and partners * Availability of key raw materials, cheaper labour costs and presence across the entire value chain gives India a competitive advantage. * WEAKNESS * Old technologies and poor work organization * Insufficient pace of creation and execution of innovations * Insufficiently effective activities of small and medium-sized businesses * Change in household consumption patterns * OPPORTUNITIES Presence of a favorable market * Market globalization * Foreign direct investment promoting knowledge and developing export stockpiles * Transfer of production to the countries with smaller labour costs * Well established distribution network * THREATS * discriminatory market trends in energy resources * Increasing competition among exporters and decreasing dependency on one market * Intense competition between the organized and unorganized segments and low operational cost. * Water scarcity in India INTRODUCTION TO PEPSICO COMPANY Pepsi Co. An IntroductionPepsiCo, Incorporated is a large conglomerate with interests in manufacturing, marketing and selling a wide variety of carbonated and non-carbonated beverages, as well as salty, sweet and grain-based snacks, and other foods. Company Profile Type Public (NYSEPEP) Founded New York, (1965) Headquarters Purchase, New York Areaserved Worldwide Keypeople Indra K. Nooyi (Chairwoman), (President) & (CEO) Industry Food, Non-alcoholic beverage The PepsiCo challenge (to keep up with archrival The Coca-Cola Company) never ends for the worlds no. carbonated soft-drink maker. Its soft drinks include Pepsi, push-down store Dew, and Slice. Cola is not the companys only beverage Pepsi sells Tropicana orange juice brands, Slice mango drink, Gatorade sports drink, Nimbooz lime drink and Aquafina water. The company also owns Frito-Lay, the worlds no. 1 snack maker with offerings such as corn chips (Doritos, Fritos) and potato chips (Lays, Ruffles). Its booster Foods division offers breakfast cereals (Life), pasta (Pasta Roni), rice (Rice-A-Roni), and side dishes (Near East). A true global giant, Pepsis products are available in some 200 countries.HISTORY Born in the Carolinas in 1898, Pepsi-Cola has a long and rich history. The drink is the invention of Caleb Bradham (left), a pharmacist and pharmacy owner in New Bern, North Carolina. The information published here is provided by PepsiCo, Inc. and may be accessed at their site www. pepsi. com. The story behind Pepsi co. goes as follows, in summer of 1898, as usual, was hot and humid in New Bern, North Carolina. So a young pharmacist named Caleb Bradham began experimenting with combinations of spices, juices, and syrups trying to create a refreshing new drink to serve his customers.He succeeded beyond all expectations because he invented the beverage known around the world as Pepsi-Cola. Caleb Bradham had known that t o keep people returning to his pharmacy, he would have to turn it into a gathering place. He did so by concocting his own special beverage, a soft drink. His creation, a uncommon riffleture of kola nut extract, vanilla and rareoils, became so popular his customers named it Brads Drink. Caleb obdurate to rename it Pepsi-Cola, and advertised his new soft drink. People responded, and sales of Pepsi-Cola started to grow, convincing him that he should form company to market the new beverage. In 1902, he launched the Pepsi-Cola Company in the back room of his pharmacy, and applied to the U. S. Patent speckle for a trademark. At first, he mixed the syrup himself and sold it exclusively through soda fountains. But soon Caleb recognized that a greater opportunity existed to bottle Pepsi so that people could drink it anywhere. The business began to grow, and on June 16, 1903, Pepsi-Cola was officially registered with the U. S. Patent Office. That year, Caleb sold 7,968 gallons of syrup, using the theme line Exhilarating, Invigorating, Aids Digestion. He also began awarding franchises to bottle Pepsi to independent investors, whose number grew from just two in 1905, in the cities of Charlotte and Durham, North Carolina, to 15 the following year, and 40 by 1907. By the end of 1910, there were Pepsi-Cola franchises in 24 states. Pepsi-Colas first bottling line resulted from some less-than-sophisticated engineering in the back room of Calebs pharmacy. Building a strong franchise system was one of Calebs great achievements. Local Pepsi-Cola bottlers, entrepreneurial in spirit and dedicated to the products success, provided a sturdy foundation.They were the cornerstone of the Pepsi-Cola enterprise. By 1907, the new company was selling more than 100,000 gallons of syrup per year. Growth was phenomenal, and in 1909 Caleb erected a headquarters so spectacular that the town of New Bern pictured it on a postcard. Famous racing car driver Barney Oldfield endorsed Pepsi in new spaper ads as A bully drink refreshing, invigorating, a fine pick-me-up before a race. The previous year, Pepsi had been one of the first companies in the United States to switch from horse-drawn transport to motor vehicles, and Calebs business expertise captured widespread attention.He was even mentioned as a possible candidate for Governor. A 1913 newspaper column in the Greensboro Patriot praised him for his keen and strenuous business sense. Pepsi-Cola enjoyed 17 unbroken years of success. Caleb now promoted Pepsi sales with the slogan, Drink Pepsi-Cola. It will repay you. Then came World War I, and the cost of doing business increased drastically. Sugar prices see sawed between record highs and disastrous lows, and so did the price of producing Pepsi-Cola. Caleb was forced into a series of business gambles just to survive, until finally, after three exhausting ears, his luck ran out and he was bankrupted. By 1921, only two plants remained open. It wasnt until a successfu l candy manufacturer, Charles G. Guth, appeared on the chance that the future of Pepsi-Cola was assured. Guth was president of Loft Incorporated, a large chain of candy stores and soda fountains along the eastern seaboard. He saw Pepsi-Cola as an opportunity to founder an unsatisfactory business relationship with the Coca-Cola Company, and at the same time to add an attractive drawing card to Lofts soda fountains. He was right.After five owners and 15 unproductive years, Pepsi-Cola was once again a thriving national brand. One oddity of the time, for a number of years, all of Pepsi-Colas sales were actually administered from a Baltimore building ostensibly owned by Coca-Cola, and named for its president. Within two years, Pepsi would earn $1 million for its new owner. With the resurgence came new confidence, a rarity in those days because the nation was in the early stages of a severe economic decline that came to be known as the Great Depression. TIMELINE 1898 Caleb Bradham, a New Bern, North Carolina, pharmacist, renames Brads Drink, a carbonated soft drink he created to serve his drugstores fountain customers. The new name, Pepsi-Cola, is derived from two of the principal ingredients, pepsin and kola nuts. It is first used on August 28. * 1902 Bradham applies to the U. S. Patent Office for a trademark for the Pepsi-Cola name. * 1903 In keeping with its origin as a pharmacists concoction, Bradhams advertizing praises his drink as Exhilarating, invigorating, aids digestion. * 1905 A new logo appears, the first change from the original created in 1898. * 1906 The logo is redesigned and a new slogan added The original pure food drink. The trademark is registered in Canada. * 1907 The Pepsi trademark is registered in Mexico. * 1909 railway car racing pioneer Barney Oldfield becomes Pepsis first celebrity endorser when he appears in newspaper ads describing Pepsi-Cola as A bully drink refreshing, invigorating, a fine bracer before a race. The theme Delicio us and Healthful appears, and will be used intermittently over the next two decades. 1920 Pepsi appeals to consumers with, Drink Pepsi-Cola. It will satisfy you. * 1932 The trademark is registered in Argentina. * 1934 Pepsi begins selling a 12-ounce bottle for five cents, the same price charged by its competitors for six ounces. * 1938 The trademark is registered in the Soviet Union. * 1939 A newspaper cartoon strip, Pepsi Pete, introduces the theme Twice as Much for a Nickel to increase consumer awareness of Pepsis value advantage. 1940 Pepsi makes advertising history with the first advertising jingle ever broadcast nationwide. Nickel, Nickel will eventually become a hit record and will be translated into 55 languages. A new, more modern logo is adopted. * 1941 In support of Americas war effort, Pepsi changes the color of its bottle crowns to red, white and blue. A Pepsi canteen in Times Square, New York, operates throughout the war, enabling more than a million families to recor d messages for armed services personnel overseas. * 1943 The Twice as Much advertising strategy expands to include the theme, Bigger Drink, punter Taste. * 1949 Why take less when Pepsis best? is added to Twice as Much advertising. 1950 More Bounce to the Ounce becomes Pepsis new theme as changing soft drink economics force Pepsi to raise prices to competitive levels. The logo is again updated. * 1953 Americans become more weight conscious, and a new strategy based on Pepsis lower caloric content is implemented with The Light Refreshment promote. * 1954 The Light Refreshment evolves to incorporate Refreshing Without Filling. . * 1963 In one of the most significant demographic events in commercial history, the post-war baby boom emerges as a social and marketplace phenomenon.Pepsi recognizes the change, and positions Pepsi as the brand belonging to the new generation-The Pepsi Generation. Come alive Youre in the Pepsi Generation makes advertising history. It is the first time a pr oduct is identified, not so much by its attributes, as by its consumers lifestyles and attitudes. * 1964 A new product, fare Pepsi, is introduced into Pepsi-Cola advertising. * 1966 Diet Pepsis first independent campaign, Girlwatchers, focuses on the cosmetic benefits of the low-calorie cola. The Girlwatchers musical theme becomes a Top 40 hit.Advertising for another new product, mussiness Dew, a regional brand acquired in 1964, airs for the first time, make around the instantly recognizable tag line, Ya-Hoo, Mountain Dew * 1967 When research indicates that consumers place a premium on Pepsis superior taste when chilled, Taste that beats the others cold. Pepsi pours it on emphasizes Pepsis product superiority. The campaign, while product-oriented, adheres closely to the energetic, youthful, lifestyle imagery established in the initial Pepsi Generation campaign. 1969 Youve got a lot to live. Pepsis got a lot to give marks a shift in Pepsi Generation advertising strategy. Youth an d lifestyle are still the campaigns whimsical forces, but with Live/Give, a new awareness and a reflection of contemporary events and mood become integral parts of the advertisings texture. * 1973 Pepsi Generation advertising continues to evolve. union the Pepsi People, Feelin Free captures the mood of a nation involved in sessive social and political change. It pictures us the way we are-one people, but many personalities. 1975 The Pepsi Challenge, a landmark marketing strategy, convinces millions of consumers that Pepsis taste is superior. * 1992 Celebrities join consumers, declaring that they Gotta Have It. The interim campaign supplants Choice of a New Generation as work proceeds on new Pepsi advertising for the 90s. Mountain Dew growth continues, supported by the antics of an outrageous new Dew Crew whose claim to fame is that, except for the unique great taste of Dew, theyve Been there, Done that, tested that. * 1993 Be Young, Have fun, Drink Pepsi advertising starring b asketball superstar Shaquille ONeal is rated as best in U.S. * 1994 New advertising introducing Diet Pepsis freshness go out initiative features Pepsi CEO Craig Weatherup explaining the relationship between freshness and superior taste to consumers. * 1995 In a new campaign, the company declares Nothing else is a Pepsi and takes top honors in the years national advertising championship. * 1998 Pepsi celebrates its 100th anniversary. PepsiCo. Chairman and CEO Roger A. Enrico donates his salary to provide scholarships for children of PepsiCo employees. Pepsi introduces PepsiOne the first one calorie drink without that diet taste STRENGTH & WEAKNESSES OF PEPSI CO.Pepsi Cola throughout its 100 years of existence has developed much strength. One of the strengths that have developed Pepsi into such a large corporation is a strong franchise system. The strong franchise system was the backbone of success along with a great entrepreneur spirit. Pepsis franchise system and distributors is credited to arrive Pepsi from a 7,968 gallons of soda sold in 1903 to nearly 5 billion gallons in the year of 1997. . Pepsi-Cola provides advertising, marketing, sales and promotional support to Pepsi-Cola bottlers and food service customers. This includes some of the worlds best-loved and most-recognized advertising.New advertising and exciting promotions keep. Pepsi-Cola brands young. The company manufactures and sells soft drink concentrate to Pepsi-Cola bottlers. The company also provides fountain beverage products. Pepsi also has had the good fortune of making very wise investments. Some of the best investments have been in their acquiring several large fast food restaurants. They have also made wise investments in snack food companies like Frito Lay, which at present time is the largest snacks company in the world. Probably high on the list of strengths is Pepsis beverage line up.Pepsi has four soft drinks in the top ten beverages in the world. These brands are Pepsi, Mountai n Dew, Diet Pepsi, and Caffeine Free Diet Peps. Some other strong brands are All Sport, Slice, Tropicana, Nimbooz, Aquafina and a license agreement with Ocean Spray Juices. Pepsi Cola like any company has weaknesses. Ironically, the one strength that has been credited for most of its success in the past has now become a weakness for Pepsi. This former strength is the franchise system. The franchise system in Pepsi Corporate view has become a liability. Pepsi in todays market must be able to act as one instead of several give way units. * The franchise system has become a hurdle to Pepsi because many of these franchises have become very strong and will not be dictated by PepsiCo on how to handle their operations. Some of these franchises are unwilling to support certain Pepsi products and at times produce their own private label products that are in direct competition with Pepsi products. * Secondly the franchisees are not willing to make capital expenditures to keep up with Coca-Co la who is a firm believer in reinvesting into their radix (Coca Cola at present time does not operate a franchise bottling system). * Pepsi customers buy nearly five billion gallons of soft drinks per year. Pepsi customers buy their products because of taste, price, packaging and promotional factors and of a wide variety of brands. Pepsi customers also buy their products due to the high accessibility of Pepsi brands. * Pepsi products are distributed to many outlets. For example, supermarkets where Pepsi buys large shelf area and queer areas so the customer can find them easier, viz, Convenience stores, Restaurants, Movie theaters and almost and other conceivable spots. * Another competitive advantage that Pepsi has is in their product Mountain Dew. Mountain Dew has grown a staggering 74. 1% over the last five years. Mountain Dew has a 6. 3% market share and has recently become the No. 4 soft drink in America. At this current pace Mountain Dew will become the first non-cola to reac h the 1billion gallon mark in one year. * Pepsi also has an advantage as an innovator in their field. They are the first soft drink makers to introduce a new one-calorie soda called Pepsi-One with, just approved by the FDA, Ace-K. PEPSICO IN INDIAPepsiCo entered India in 1989 and has grown to become one of the countrys leading food and beverage companies. One of the largest multinational investors in the country, PepsiCo has established a business which aims to serve the long term dynamic needs of consumers in India. PepsiCo India and its partners have invested more than U. S. $1 billion since the company was established in the country. PepsiCo provides direct and indirect employment to 150,000 people including suppliers and distributors. PepsiCo nourishes consumers with a range of products from treats to healthy eats, that deliver joy as well as nutrition and always, good taste.PepsiCo Indias expansive portfolio includes iconic refreshment beverages Pepsi, 7 UP, Mirinda and Mountai n Dew, in addition to low calorie options such as Diet Pepsi, hydrating and nutritionary beverages such as Aquafina drinking water, isotonic sports drinks Gatorade, Tropicana100% fruit juices, and juice based drinks Tropicana Nectars, Tropicana Twister and Slice. PepsiCos foods company, Frito-Lay, is the leader in the branded salty snack market and all Frito Lay products are free of trans-fat and MSG. It manufactures Lays Potato Chips, Cheetos extruded snacks, Uncle Chipps and traditional snacks under the Kurkure and Lehar brands.The companys high fibre breakfast cereal, Quaker Oats, and low fat and roasted snack options enhance the healthful choices available to consumers. Frito Lays core products, Lays, Kurkure, Uncle Chipps and Cheetos are cooked in Rice Bran oil to significantly reduce saturated fats and all of its products contain voluntary nutritional labeling on their packets. The group has built an expansive beverage, snack food and exports business and to support the op erations are the groups 39 bottling plants in India, of which 17 are company owned and 22 are franchisee owned. PEPSICO VS COCACOLA IN INDIABoth target all income segments of as their products are attractive and likeable. Both companies produce parallel products and services (Coca Cola Company, 2009). It is a known factor that when a company goes beyond the national boundaries, the distribution channel and production becomes main concern. When PepsiCo. launches new product and a new promotion strategy, Coca Cola, follows its fierce competitor, with its own version or vice-versa. Both companies are multinational and as they enter new market, they consider many issues such as legal risk, political risk, business risk etc. ecause of the fact that in past these companies had to leave the market due to above mentioned reasons. The companies are very conscious towards taste preferences of the targeted customers. Both companies work on ethics and moral values. They both have public relatio n department which serves as a chain between consumers and the company. The above graph shows the beverage ranking as at the beginning of 2011. Pepsi reverses a global trend in India, beating its main rival Coca-Cola in market share. In terms of Brand Trust too, Pepsi at rank 36 is at 160% higher than its closest cola competitor, Coca-Cola at 60th rank.However the Coke camp has 5 brands among the top 300, as compared to the Pepsi-camp which is only represented by 3 brands among the 300 Most Trusted Brands of India. PEPSICO INDIA SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths (a) Pepsico is a well-known brand in FMCG sector. (b) Pepsico is offering many attractive sales promotion schemes. (c) Pepsico is having good market share. (d) Pepsico is offering many brands like 7up, Slice, Mirinda etc. (e) Pepsico is offering Varity of tastes to select. Weakness (a)Lack of effective customer services. (b) Retailers are not getting proper schemes of Pepsi. c)Visis are out of order. In Jaipur town there is appropri ate maintenance services available. (d) Retailers are complaining about cooling. Visis are not cooling well mainly 300 and 400 liters. Opportunities (a) Large beverage market. (b) Popular in youth as well as children. (c) New taste can be introduced like apple, even health drink also. (d) In India the major competitors of Pepsi are tea, coffee, lassi, inthis case Pepsi can come in 100 ml or even 50 ml at Rs. 3 or 4. Threats (a) Increasing competitors day by day. (b) Poor publicity by competitors. c) Numberless innovations area in beverage industry. PEPSICO INDIA PERFORMANCE Pepsi is one of the most well known brands in the world today available in over 160 countries. The company has an extremely positive outlook for India. Outside North America two of our largest and fastest growing businesses are in India and China, which include more than a third of the worlds population. (PepsiCos annual report, 1999) Faced with the existing policy framework at the time, the company entered the Indian market through a joint jeopardise with Voltas and Punjab Agro Industries.With the introduction of the liberalization policies since 1991, Pepsi took complete control of its operations. The government has approved more than US$ 400 million worth of investments of which over US$ 330 million have already flown in. One of PepsiCos key strategies was to develop a completely local management team. Pepsi has 19 company owned factories while their Indian bottling partners own 21. Since the entry of Pepsi-Cola to India in 1989, the soft drink industry has under gone a radical change. When Pepsi-Cola entered, Parle was the leader with the Thums-up being its flagship brand.Other products offering by Parle included Limca & Goldspot, another upcoming player in the market was, the erstwhile bottler of Coca-Cola, pure drinks. Its offering includes Campa- Cola, Campa-Lemon & Campa-Orange The two advertisements tags yehi hai right choice baby and nothing official about it straight off ring a bell- its got to be Pepsi. The advertisement tag yehi hai right choice baby was the first Hinglish slogan ever used in the in the Indian market. This slogan proved to be the best suited one for Pepsi and it was a mega hit and at that moment of time.Pepsi in a short span of its operations in India has found a place in the hearts and minds of the Indian consumers. The success has primarily been due to the innovative and passionate Indian team, which has been built over the years. Pepsi is a trendsetter managed and run by Indians, where important decisions are taken locally. The RKJ group is Indias leading supplier of retailer brand Carbonated and Non-Carbonated soft drinks, with beverage manufacturing facilities in India and Nepal. It has the license to supply beverages in the territories of Western U. P. part of M. P. , half of Haryana, whole of Rajasthan, Goa, 3 districts of Maharashtra, 9 districts of Karnataka and whole of Nepal. The group has in total 18 bottling plants in Ind ia & Nepal and is responsible for producing and marketing 44% of Pepsi requirement in India. This group has brought name and fame to the Pepsi as in all this regions Pepsi is at the commanding position and in the mean this group has diversified itself into ice cream, suiting and shirtings, restaurants, beer plant in Mauritius & edible oil plant in Sri Lanka PESTICIDE CONTROVERSY 2003Although Pepsis sales were scandalize post-cola contamination controversy, Pepsi spokesperson maintained that it was difficult to assess whether the slump was due to the controversy or a lean monsoon. Weather has played a screw up sport, too, and the season has been dull so they were cross fingered whether sales have been hit by the pesticides issue alone. PERFORMANCE IN 2010 PepsiCo reported that volume, revenue and profit growth for the fourth quarter and the full year of 2010 were driven by gains across its worldwide snacks and beverage businesses.Beverage performance for the quarter was led by hig h double-digit growth in India, For the full year, beverage volume was led by double-digit growth in India and China. The net revenue grew by 34 per cent, net income rose by six per cent and core constant currency net income rose by 15 per cent. PepsiCo said, Our snack and beverage volume gains for the quarter and full year were led by strong performance in key emerging markets. The Middle East, India and China, each reported snack volumes growing by strong double digits, and acquisitions contributed two points of snacks volume growth in the quarter and for the full year. . The company further strengthened its position in India through the formation of a joint venture with Tata Global Beverages to develop and market hydration beverages for the India market. The chronology PEPSICO. in India was 1977 Parle launched Thums-up and pure drinks launched Coca-Cola. * 1998 In September, final approval for the Pepsi Foods Ltd. Project granted by the Cabinet committee on economic affairs of t he Rajeev Gandhi Govt. * 1990 In March, Pepsi-Cola and 7-up launched markets in north India. 1990 In May, The government clear-cut the Pepsi-Cola project again but with a change in brand name to Lehar Pepsi, simultaneously it rejects the Coca-Cola application Citra from the Parle, stable hited the market. * 1991 Pepsi-Cola extended its soft drinks business and reached at national scale. Pepsi-Cola launched its product in Delhi and Bombay. * 1992 In January, Brito foods application is cleared by the FIPB. Pepsi-Cola and Parle start initial negotiation for a strategic alliance but took break off after a while. * 1993 Pepsi-Cola launched Slice and Teem captured about 25-30% of the soft drink market in about 2 years. 1994 Pepsi bought Dukes & Sones. * 1995 Pepsi-Cola lunched cans, having capacity of 330ml in various flavors. * 1996 Pepsi-Cola domestic and international operations combined into a Pepsi-Cola Company. transnational and domestic operations combined into one business unit called Frito-lay Company. * 1997 Pepsi-Cola brought Mirinda Orange opposite to Fanta. * 1998 Pepsi-Cola launched Mirinda Lemon opposite to Limca. * 1999 Pepsi-Cola launched Diet Pepsi in can and 1. 5 Lit. PET bottle for health conscious people. * 2001 Pepsi-Cola launched Slice in Tetra Pack. 2003 Pepsi-Cola launched Pepsi Blue to get the favour of world cup season. * 2005 Pepsi-Cola launched Mirinda in Straw Berry flavour to get the favour of movie Batman. * 2005 Pepsi-Cola launched 7-up as 7-up ice. * 2009 Pepsi- Cola launches Nimbooz. NIMBOOZ PEPSICOS NEWEST OFFERING INTRODUCTION Numbu Paani is a delicious thirst quencher made from freshly squeezed lemons, salt and sugar. It has a clean and refreshing flavour and is rich with vitamin C. Nimbu Paani, which is nothing but lemonade or lemon squash. It is commonly available in all the towns of India, particularly in the summer season.It is very easy to prepare. Fresh lemon is squeezed in a glass and salt and sugar is added to it. Cru shed ice may also be added. Nimbu Paani has always been the most commonly consumed cold beverage for Indians, especially during hot summers. Hence it made perfect business sense to launch a non-fizzy drink during summers as it scores above the colas in the health aspect (carbonated drinks actually soaks up the bodys moisture leaving the system more dry). With cogitate to childhood obesity and tooth decay, soft drink sales were down for the first time in 20 years.And sales of bottled water, juices and energy drinks are continuing to eat into the soda market. At such a time PepsiCo decided to launch Nimbooz. The added advantage of it being a very familiar natural refreshing drink which is now being offered in a hygienic and convenient way would make the mothers prefer it over the Colas. LAUNCH OF NIMBOOZ The lime-lemon category is the fastest growing segment of the Rs 7,000-crore aerated soft drink market, with both competing brands Sprite from Coca-Cola and PepsiCos 7-Up registering healthy growth rates.At the onset of the summer, PepsiCo India had launched packaged nimbu paani, Nimbooz by 7UP. The product has been created to suit Indian tastes. PepsiCo was delighted to introduce Nimbooz, a packaged nimbu paani offering specially developed to suit Indian tastes and preferences. Nimbu paani is a well loved Indian drink and Nimbooz brings consumers this well-loved taste backed by PepsiCo quality. PepsiCo claimed that Nimbooz contained no artificial flavours and contained real lemon juice. On 26 Feb 2009PepsiCo India, the countrys leading food & beverage company, launched its packaged nimbu paani, Nimbooz by 7Up.Inspired by fresh, home-made nimbu paani, Indias favourite beverage, Nimbooz by 7Up has been specially created to suit Indian tastes. Nimbooz is a delicious nimbu paani, with real lemon juice, no fizz, and no artificial flavours. Available in trendy, convenient packs, Nimbooz is a great way to enjoy nimbu paani ina hygienic format. PepsiCo has drawn up an intensive consumer activation campaign to market Nimbooz. The 360 degree marketing communication plan will build awareness through multi-city launches and road shows, 3D activation, leveraging Out-of-Home (OOH) media, radio, press and outdoors.Aggressive trial generation & sampling initiatives were also be taken send on across major cities of the country. A special Nimbooz Highway Gadi had been created that would visit the four major highways connecting Delhi to Jaipur, Dehradun, Agra to drive trails and consumer education To introduce the beverage, as part of the teaser campaign which kicked off on March 15, an 18-foot tall wooden lemon squeezer with a four-foot lemon replica in it was placed outside various malls and junctions. The message on it read, Asli Refresher Coming Soon.This innovation was executed at Ambi Mall, Gurgaon Great India Place, NOIDA Court Chowk, Amritsar and Fun Republic Mall, Chandigarh. For the revealer, the lemon was replaced with a 20-foot high Nimbooz bo ttle on March 18. The teaser in Mumbai was spread across five days. For this, a knotted gunny bag stuffed with lemons was mounted on a canter at Mahim Causeway. The message on the sack read, 4 Din Mein Asli. Day 2 saw an untied sack with lemons scattered around it and a similar message, with the number of the day changed.The sack got shorter for the next two days and on the fifth day, a returnable glass bottle (RGB) of Nimbooz appeared on the canter. The on-ground initiative was supported by a TV commercial that reflects Nimbooz Ekdum Asli Indian overture. The film had been created by BBDO India. In times of tough competition, branding needs to stand out and this is where outdoor media helps, by making the communication as big as possible. Lemon is central to the idea of Indian refreshment and the same thought went in the making of Nimbooz.They decided to keep the brand proposition simple, yet appealing, by dwelling on the authenticity of Ekdum Asli Indian Nimbu-Paani. Its like reb irth of nimboo pani with a new refreshing and energetic taste. Definitely this product has given great and tough competition to the other drinks of its segment. People really love its taste and want to purchase Nimbooz. also button friends and family member to try it as they believe once they will try then rest Nimbooz will handle in short YEHI HAI RIGHT option WHAT IS A MARKETING MIX? The term marketing mix was coined in 1953 by Neil Borden in hisAmerican Marketing Association presidential address. However, this was actually a reformulation of an prior idea by his associate, James Culliton, who in 1948 described the role of the marketing manager as a mixer of ingredients, who sometimes follows recipes prepared by others, sometimes prepares his own recipe as he goes along, sometimes adapts a recipe from immediately available ingredients, and at other times invents new ingredients no one else has tried. The marketing mix is probably the most famous marketing term. Its elements are the basic, tactical components of a marketing plan.Also known as the Four Ps, the marketing mix elements are price, place, product, and promotion. Elements of the marketing mix are often referred to as the Four Ps * Product It is a tangible object or an intangible service that is mass produced or manufactured on a large scale with a specific volume of units. Intangible products are service based like the touristry industry & the hotel industry or codes-based products like cellphone load and credits. To retain its competitiveness in the market, product differentiation is required and is one of the strategies to differentiate a product from its competitors. Price The price is the amount a customer pays for the product. The business may increase or decrease the price of product if other stores have the same product. * Place Place represents the location where a product can be purchased. It is often referred to as the distribution channel. It can include any somatogenetic store as well as virtual stores on the Internet. * promotional material represents all of the communications that a marketer may use in the marketplace. Promotion has four distinct elements advertising, public relations, personal selling and sales promotion. MARKETING MIX OF NIMBOOZPRODUCT PepsiCo India launched a packaged nimbu paani offering Nimbooz under its 7Up brand to expand its non-carbonated drinks portfolio. Nimbooz is a non-carbonated lemon drink which contains no artificial flavors and contains real lemon juice. INGREDIENTS * Water * Sugar * Concentrated Lemon Juice (0. 8%) * Acidity regulators (296,330) * Salt * Preservatives (202) *contains added flavor (natural and nature identical flavouring substances) NUTRIONAL FACTS ENERGY (kcal) 43CARBOHYDRATES (g) 10. 8 SUGARS (g) 10. 5 PROTEIN (g) 0 FAT (g) 0 PACKAGING Nimbooz offers great value to consumers in three packaging formats of * 200ml returnable glass bottles * 350ml pet bottles * 200 ml tetra .PRICE Nimbooz is relevant and affordable offering for consumers on the go because of its ready-to-drink format that is both convenient and hygienic. The proposition of the Indian refresher perfectly captures the mass appeal of this product and will certainly drive consumer connect.The pricing strategy adopted is of course that of PENETRATION set as followed by all PepsiCo products. PLACE PepsiCo already has well established distribution network for its other brands so it becomes easier for them to cover the entire Indian market and place Nimbooz in retail outlets and restaurants. Traditional Trade At Kirana stores in the above mentioned packages. Modern tradeDistribution through sports clubs, gymnasiums, tie ups with sports institutes etc. roll and Spokes model In rural areas, where one dealer serves many villages.After the launch a newspaper article cited the following PROMOTION PepsiCo has drawn up an intensive consumer activation campaign to market Nimbooz. The 360 degree marketing communication plan has build awareness through multi-city launches and road shows, 3D activation, leveraging Out-of-Home (OOH) media

Windows Bernice Morgan

In 1882, Dr Gayral diagnosed that Therese reacts to an emotional frustration with a neurotic attack. 16 An alarmed, but cloistered, Pauline began to write letters to Therese and attempted various strategies to intervene. lastly Therese recovered after she had turned to gaze at the statue of the Virgin Mary placed in Maries room, where Therese had been moved. 17 She reported on May 13, 1883 that she had seen the Virgin smile at her. 1819 She wrote Our B slighted Lady has come to me, she has smiled upon me.How gifted I am. 20 However, when Therese told the Carmelite nuns about this batch at the request of her eldest sister Marie, she found herself assailed by their questions and she lost confidence. Self-doubt made her begin to question what had happened. I thought I had lied I was unable to look upon myself without a feeling of profound horror. 21 For a long time after my cure,I thought that my sickness was deliberate and this was a real martyrdom for my soul. 22 Her concerns over this continued until November 1887. During her illness, Therese occupied the room with the statue of Our Lady, and it stood beside her bed. When her pains were less serious, she would often look at the statue and pray that Heaven would send her a cure. On Sunday May 13, 1883, Theresa became so ill that she did not recognize her sisters. Marie matt-up sure that little Theresa was dying, and throwing herself on her knees before their beloved statue of Our Lady, she begged Our Lady to cure Theresa.Leonie and Celine joined in with their prayers, as well, begging the Blessed Virgin Mary to thrust pity on their poor, sick, little sister. Suddenly the statue seemed to come aliveand Our Lady appeared to little Theresa. Our Ladys face glowed with a glorious beauty, but it was her wonderful smile, which filled the young lady with joy. Our Ladys smile was like a warm ray of sunshine. Two large tears of joy rolled down Theresas cheeks, and she thought, Ah The Blessed Virgin smiled at me, how happy I am. During this time, Marie saw her sister Theresa, as in an ecstasy of love, and she was not looking at the statue, but at the Blessed Virgin Mary herself The vision seemed to last about four or five minutes and during this time, little Theresa was cured all her pains and weariness had disappeared. Later, when Marie was alone with Theresa, she asked her why she had just set down some tears. Theresa didnt want to tell her secret, but when she saw that Marie had guessed that Our Lady had appeared to her, she said, I cried because Our Lady had disappeared.

Racial Culture: A Critique, by Richard T. Ford Essay

Over the last thirty years, critical race and gender theorists have seekioned whether and if justice notify protect variation in a meaningful way, especi all in ally in the work. Richard T. Ford, a justness professor at Stanford University, provides an interesting critique of the resulting multicultural assumptions of difference in his book RACIAL CULTURE. While he recognizes approximately refutations of these approaches come from conservatives with a semipolitical agenda of legal colorblindness, Ford explicitly asserts he sh atomic number 18s the political and social goals of the progressive left. More specifically, he refutes colorblindness as a means of equality.Ford argues that racial identity politics have the liability of undermining their stated target area of eliminating racism in the workplace. The author is clear his opposition to inequality based on status does not mean that one is not ambivalent close the development of a new-sprung(prenominal) legal category of discrimination based on culture. His overarching concern is that race, which is socially and economically constructed, is given additional legitimacy by the assumption that every race manifests cultural similarities and that these cultural artifacts should be protected in the same manner as racism.Anti-discrimination law should be refined so as to recognize and those differences attri merelyable to the production of formal status hierarchy, for the purpose of eliminating or reducing the ill-effects of such(prenominal)(prenominal) hierarchies. Difference discourse, by metastasizing status into a thick social identity, distracts from and confuses the vital task of makeing status hierarchy. Legal decision *217 makers need to be aware of status differences and castelike social practices in order to correct the injustices that they do.But we should resist the temptation to preserve a speculative sociology of convention difference into law or to enlist the state into a psychotherap eutic quest to validated repressed identities. Finally, Ford is concerned that in privileging racial culture we foster an environment of conflict and competition, without a thoughtful analysis of which cultures are most worthy of protecting. His assumption is that racial integration should be a dominant goal of society, with members of racial groups selecting for themselves which aspects of their culture are most worthy of preserving.Many readers whitethorn agree with aspects of his legal argument, without completely accepting his rejection of identity politics as provincialism. Ford offers instead a vision of cosmopolitanism in which minority cultural practices ordain survive without legal protection, albeit often in an altered, fragmented and recombined form, and that such survival in an admittedly Hobbesian social competition is preferable to the distorted and blinkered version of group difference we should expect cultural rights to produce .While Fords analysis is wide-rangin g, well-written, and fascinating, there are several limitations to his argument. His own assumptions regarding habit discrimination law are disturbing. His reliance on current employment discrimination law as the best means for redressing racism ignores several factors that the difference discourse has revealed. maven factor is the gap for women of color within the protections of Title VII. To demonstrate racial discrimination, women of color must show that others of their race were tempered similarly, but if those similarly-situated are men, the discrimination may not be evident.To demonstrate gender discrimination, women of color must show that others of their gender were treated similarly, but if white women are those who are similarly-situated, such discrimination may not be apparent. Contemporary Title VII jurisprudence frequently does not allow for interactions surrounded by race and gender that are unique to women of color. The formal equality required by Title VII is limi ted in how well it apprize protect against explicit racism, let unsocial against the proxies of race illustrated by cultural practice.Another area that requires further development is Fords extension of cultural analysis to less comparable areas of employment discrimination lawin particular, sexual preference and gender. His premise that sexual preference should be protected as status, rather than as expression or culture, ignores the lesser protection granted sexual preference under the law compared to racial discrimination. Ford does not address the unanswered question within the law of whether sexual preference is behavior or immutable characteristic.The current judicial acceptance of lower levels of scrutiny to protect sexual preference in the workplace means that a simple reliance on current employment discrimination law will not render the results he professes are necessary. Finally, his comparability of gender discrimination to race is disappointing, especially in the are a of pregnancy. While the right to difference literature *218 builds on a century of analysis by feminist scholars, there are clear differences between the two. However, Ford perceives pregnancy as a form of gender culture, as braids or language can be for race.But this analogy does not work. Discrimination against pregnancy is not justified by employers solely on the basis of predicted workplace impacts of the actual pregnancy, but also because women have the potential to become pregnant. Since pregnancy is a biological reality, how can it be simply another cultural manifestation or behavior choice? A second difference is that, unlike forms of racial or ethnic culture, Congress revised Title VII to incorporate pregnancy into the comment of gender discrimination. 4 Part 2- How racial Identity affects an individual in societyIndividual youth who experience discrimination carry higher tense burden Peoples beliefs that they are being treated badly because racial or gender bias increa ses their stress levels, and may lead to change magnitude emotional and behavioral problems, jibe to a study of black and white youth. Understanding how race and gender affect youths well-being is necessary not only for promoting optimal individual development, but also for meeting the nations social and economic needs, says lead study author David L. DuBois, Ph. D., of the School of Public health at the University of Illinois at Chicago.DuBois conducted the research while at the University of Missouri, Columbia. Previous studies have focused on older study participants, but little is known about(predicate) how younger age groups are affected by discrimination or prejudice, according to the study, which is published in the September/October issue of Child Development. DuBois and his colleagues administered a series of questionnaires to 350 students in grades 5-8. This group of students included comparable numbers of blacks and whites, females and males.One survey, which include d questions like Were you called names or insulted at school about your race/ethnicity and Were you treated unfairly at school because you are a girl/boy, was designed to measure discriminatory experiences and how study participants were affected by them, while others measured study life stressors, racial and gender identity, self-esteem and behavior. The researchers found significant differences among the student groups. Black study participants, both males and females, reported more experiences with discrimination and prejudice.The study setting, a Midwestern school district in which blacks were a minority in both student body and staff, may have contributed to these higher perceived levels, according to the study. In this context many black youth may not have felt adequately supported in their efforts to deal with situations involving perceived using or unfair treatment on the basis of race, DuBois says. The black students who reported higher levels of discrimination were more likely to have emotional problems, the researchers found. Such problems may stem from internalized anger, according to findings from other studies.The researchers also found that the black participants in their early teens reported feeling a stronger sense of racial identity than same-age whites. The new study and previous studies have found that at this age, blacks tend to have higher self-esteem than whites. DuBois and his colleagues found that a strong racial identity is all important(predicate) in helping to enhance the self-esteem of black youth. 5 How Racial Identity Affects School Performance of an Individual We investigated the sources of differences in school performance between students of different races by focusing on identity issues.We find that having a higher percentage of same-race friends has a positive effect of white teenagers test seduce while having a contradict effect on blacks test scores. However, the higher the culture level of a black teenagers parent, the lower this negative effect, while for whites, it is the reverse. It is thus the combination of the choice of friends (which is a measure of own identity) and the parents education that are responsible for the difference in education attainment between students of different races but also between students of the same race.One interesting aspects of this paper is to provide a theoretical model that cubic yard the instrumental variable approach used in the empirical analysis to deal with endogeneity issues. 6 Our Racial Identity affects who we see in society The authors asked biracial participants (one Black and one White parent) to think about their Black parents ethnicity. After, they could spot the presence or lack of a Black look in a crowd of White faces with the same speed and accuracy as a monoracial Black person. The same held true when asked to think of their White parent.Although all detected Black faces faster than white faces, biracial students were affected by thinki ng about one half of their racial identity and then behaved as if they were monoracial. Black, white, and biracial participants performed the visual search task by looking at Black and White faces on a computer screen. To prep the biracial individuals, the participants were asked to write about their mother or fathers ethnicity. Black-primed and White-primed biracial individuals differed significantly in the searches, displaying the effects of the manipulation.These findings demonstrate that visual perception is malleable to top-down influences, such as orientation provided by ones racial group membership, the authors conclude.References 1. AAPA Statement on Biological Aspects of Race America Association of Physical Anthropologists (AAPA) 2. http//genomebiology. com/2002/3/7/comment/2007 3. Alicia Fedelina Chavez, Florence Guido-DiBrito Racial and Ethnic Identity and Development NEW DIRECTIONS FOR ADULT AND CONTINUING EDUCATION, no.84, Winter 1999 Jossey-Bass Publishers 39 4.Richar d T. Ford. Princeton Princeton University Press, 2004. Vol. 15 No. 3 (March 2005), pp. 215-218 5. Pamela Ippoliti, www. hbns. org 6. Eleonora Patacchini (eleonora. patacchiniuniroma1. it) (University of capital of Italy La Sapienza)Yves Zenou (yvesziui. se) (IUI, GAINS, CEPR and IZA Bonn) 7. Joan Y. Chiao, Hannah E. Heck, and Ken Nakayama are at Harvard University. Nalini Ambady is at Tufts University. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. , May 10, 2006.